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Elasto-plastic fatigue crack growth analysis of plane problems in the presence of flaws using XFEM

S. SHEDBALE,I. V. SINGH,B. K. MISHRA

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 4,   Pages 420-440 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0305-y

Abstract: The -integral for two fracture modes (mode-I and mode-II) is obtained by decomposing the displacement

Keywords： XFEM     von-Mises yield criterion     isotropic hardening     fatigue crack growth     <i>Ji>-integral    

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End-use energy utilization efficiency of Nigerian residential sector

Fidelis I. ABAM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN,Bethrand N. NWANKWOJIKE,Ekwe B. EKWE

Frontiers in Energy 2014, Volume 8, Issue 3,   Pages 322-334 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0329-3

Abstract: In this paper, the end-use efficiencies of the different energy carriers and the overall energy efficiency in the Nigerian residential sector (NRS) were estimated using energy and exergy analysis. The energy and exergy flows were considered from 2006 to 2011. The overall energy efficiency ranges from 19.15% in 2006 to 20.19% in 2011 with a mean of (19.96±0.23)% while the overall exergy efficiency ranges from 4.34% in 2006 to 4.40% in 2011 with a mean of (4.31±0.059)%. The energy and exergy efficiency margin was 15.58% with a marginal improvement of 0.07% and 0.02%, respectively when compared with previous results. The contribution of the energy carriers to the total energy and exergy inputs were 1.45% and 1.43% for electricity, 1.95% and 3% for fossil fuel and 96.6% and 95.57% for bio-fuel. The result shows that approximately 65% of the residence use wood and biomass for domestic cooking and heating, and only a fraction of the residence have access to electricity. LPG was found to be the most efficient while kerosene, charcoal, wood and other biomass the least in this order. Electricity utilization exergy efficiency is affected by vapor-compression air conditioning application apart from low potential energy applications. In addition, this paper has suggested alternatives in the end-use application and has demonstrated the relevance of exergy analysis in enhancing sustainable energy policies and management and improved integration techniques.

Keywords： end-use     energy     exergy efficiency     residential sector     Nigeria    

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Constructing an Automation Table for an Image-Based <i>Arabidopsisi> Resistance Assay

Goldi Makhija, Dinesh S. Pujara, In-Hyouk Song, Byoung Hee You, Hong-Gu Kang

Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 5,   Pages 495-499 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.09.009

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Process stability and microbial community composition in pig manure and food waste anaerobic co-digesters operated at low HRTs

Gardiner, Yan Jiang, Paul Cormican, Matthew S. McCabe, Xinmin Zhan

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 3, doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0923-9

Abstract: High throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that this increase coincided with a shift in acidogenic

Keywords： Biogas     Sequencing     <i>Clocamonaceaei>     <i>Spiorchatetesi>     Isobutyrate     Biosafety    

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Fatigue crack growth simulations of 3-D linear elastic cracks under thermal load by XFEM

Himanshu PATHAK,Akhilendra SINGH,I.V. SINGH,S. K. YADAV

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 4,   Pages 359-382 doi: 10.1007/s11709-015-0304-z

Abstract: This paper deals with the fatigue crack growth simulations of three-dimensional linear elastic cracks by XFEM under cyclic thermal load. Both temperature and displacement approximations are extrinsically enriched by Heaviside and crack front enrichment functions. Crack growth is modelled by successive linear extensions, and the end points of these linear extensions are joined by cubic spline segments to obtain a modified crack front. Different crack geometries such as planer, non-planer and arbitrary spline shape cracks are simulated under thermal shock, adiabatic and isothermal loads to reveal the sturdiness and versatility of the XFEM approach.

Keywords： 3-D cracks     fatigue life     Paris law     thermal load     XFEM    

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Marble epistyles under shear: an experimental study of the role of “Relieving Space”

PASIOU, I. STAVRAKAS, D. TRIANTIS, S. K. KOURKOULIS

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 4,   Pages 767-786 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0515-9

Abstract: The specimens are made of two marble blocks connected to each other with an “I”-shaped titanium connectorshear load, in case of excitations imposing to the epistyles displacements normal to the connector’sAccording to this technique, part of the connector’s web is left uncovered, forming the so-called “ ,

Keywords： monuments of cultural heritage     marble epistyles     pressure stimulated currents     acoustic emission     digital image correlation    

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Opportunities and Challenges in Deep Mining: A Brief Review

S. De Silva,Tharaka D. Rathnaweera,Adheesha K. M. S. Bandara

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 4,   Pages 546-551 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.04.024

Abstract:

Mineral consumption is increasing rapidly as more consumers enter the market for minerals and as the global standard of living increases. As a result, underground mining continues to progress to deeper levels in order to tackle the mineral supply crisis in the 21st century. However, deep mining occurs in a very technical and challenging environment, in which significant innovative solutions and best practice are required and additional safety standards must be implemented in order to overcome the challenges and reap huge economic gains. These challenges include the catastrophic events that are often met in deep mining engineering: rockbursts, gas outbursts, high in situ and redistributed stresses, large deformation, squeezing and creeping rocks, and high temperature. This review paper presents the current global status of deep mining and highlights some of the newest technological achievements and opportunities associated with rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering in deep mining. Of the various technical achievements, unmanned working-faces and unmanned mines based on fully automated mining and mineral extraction processes have become important fields in the 21st century.

Keywords： Deep mining     Rock mechanics     Rockburst     <i>In situi>stresses     Mining automation    

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PVC Formulation of <i>Anastrepha suspensai> Pheromones Suitable for Field Studies Article

Kawagoe, Spencer S. Walse

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 11,   Pages 1646-1650 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.09.011

Abstract:

Tephritid flies threaten the production of fruits around the world. In the Americas, populations of the genus Anastrepha are monitored with trapping networks as part of pest management programs. Here, we report the formulation of male Anastrepha suspensa (Loew) pheromones, (±)-anastrephin and (±)-epianastrephin, into a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) polymer-based lure ready for trap deployment. The PVC polymer disks (100 mg) contain 10% by weight of (±)-epianastrephin and (±)-anastrephin in a naturally occurring 7:3 diastereomeric ratio, respectively. Emission of the pheromones from the disks into an airstream was evaluated as a function of abiotic environmental parameters, absolute humidity, and temperature. Kinetic data supports a diffusion-controlled mechanism of release from the matrix with first-order rate constants that decreased about 10-fold as the temperature was lowered from 30 to 15 °C. As such, the emission of volatile pheromones from the disks is suitable to last for several weeks in the field. This kinetic approach, which can be easily extended to the diffusion-controlled release of other attractants from polymeric matrices, yields laboratory predictions of the potential for environmental loss prior to conducting field bioassays.

Keywords： Anastrepha     Anastrephin     Epianastrephin     PVC lure     Controlled release    

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Critical review of recent development in fiber reinforced adobe bricks for sustainable construction

SALIH, Adelaja I. OSOFERO, Mohammed S. IMBABI

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 4,   Pages 839-854 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0630-7

Abstract: This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of research on the utilization of fibers (predominantly derived from waste materials) as reinforcement in adobe brick production. Recycling of these wastes provides sustainable construction materials and helps to protect the environment. Specimen preparation and test procedures are outlined. The effects of addition of these wastes on the physical and mechanical properties of adobe bricks as presented in the literature, are investigated. The main results for each additive are presented and discussed. It is concluded that improved adobe brick properties can be expected with the addition of combination of waste additives. The use of waste materials in the construction industry is generally of interest and useful for engineers and designers seeking sustainable solutions in construction. It is also of interest to researchers actively seeking to develop methodical approaches to quantifying, optimising and testing the performance in use of such waste material additives.

Keywords： adobe bricks     fibre reinforced bricks     green     sustainable building material     physical and mechanical properties    

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Antibiotic resistome of : molecular determinants for the emergence of drug resistance

Frontiers of Medicine 2021, Volume 15, Issue 5,   Pages 693-703 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0777-6

Abstract: Salmonellai> infection.of <i>Salmonellai> is reviewed, discussed, and summarized.In this review, we summarize the status of resistance against antibiotics in <i>S. typhii>, highlightthe seminal work in the resistome of <i>S. typhii> and the genes involved in the antibiotic resistance, and discuss the various methods to identify <i>S. typhii> resistome for the proactive identification

Keywords： <i>S. typhii>     antibiotic resistance     mechanism     resistome     identification methods    

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CFD evaluation of pressure drop across a 3-D filter housing for industrial gas turbine plants

Fidelis I. ABAM,Samuel O. EFFIOM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN

Frontiers in Energy 2016, Volume 10, Issue 2,   Pages 192-202 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0406-x

Abstract: drops across the classes of filters were 652.8 Pa, 2692.2 Pa, 887.8 Pa, 776.2 Pa and 2304.2 Pa for I-GBfilter housing was proved compatible with the studied GT, for inlet flow conditions between 600≤ ≤610 kg/sand 60≤ ≤70 m/s for the air flow rate and velocity, respectively.

Keywords： computational fluid dynamics (CFD)     pressure drop     flow distribution     filter housing     gas turbine    

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Assembly of biosynthetic pathways in

Lidan Ye,Xiaomei Lv,Hongwei Yu

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 1,   Pages 126-132 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1597-8

Abstract: A robust and versatile tool for multigene pathway assembly is a key to the biosynthesis of high-value chemicals. Here we report the rapid construction of biosynthetic pathways in using a marker recyclable integrative toolbox (pUMRI) developed in our research group, which has features of ready-to-use, convenient marker recycling, arbitrary element replacement, shuttle plasmid, auxotrophic marker independence, GAL regulation, and decentralized assembly. Functional isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways containing 4–11 genes with lengths ranging from ~10 to ~22 kb were assembled using this toolbox within 1–5 rounds of reiterative recombination. In combination with GAL-regulated metabolic engineering, high production of isoprenoids (e.g., 16.3 mg?g dcw carotenoids) was achieved. These results demonstrate the wide range of application and the efficiency of the pUMRI toolbox in multigene pathway construction of .

Keywords： pathway assembly     toolbox     reiterative recombination     <i>S. cerevisiaei>     biosynthesis    

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Progress in breeding for resistance to Ug99 and other races of the stem rust fungus in CIMMYT wheat germplasm

HODSON, Julio HUERTA-ESPINO, Mandeep S. RANDHAWA, Ravi P. SINGH

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019, Volume 6, Issue 3,   Pages 210-224 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019268

Abstract:

Races belonging to the Ug99 (TTKSK) lineage of the wheat stem rust fungus, carrying complex virulence combinations, and their migration to countries in Africa, Middle East and Asia continue to pose a significant threat to global wheat production. The rapid spread of additional races, e.g., TKTTF or the Digalu lineage, in several countries causing localized epidemics reminds us of the vulnerability of wheat germplasm to stem rust disease, a formidable foe referenced as early as biblical times. A global rust monitoring system reflecting increased surveillance efforts has identified 13 races within the Ug99 lineage in 13 countries and unrelated lineages are emerging, spreading and posing serious threats to wheat production. Race TKTTF has caused localized epidemics in Ethiopia and its variants have been recently implicated in stem rust outbreaks in Europe. Concerted research efforts have resulted in the identification of several new resistance (APR) genes and gene combinations for use in breeding. Combining multiple adult plant resistance genes in high-yielding backgrounds and discovery of new quantitative trait loci conferring stem rust resistance has progressed in the recent years, enhancing the durability of resistance. Effective gene stewardship and new generation breeding materials and cultivars that combine multiple race-specific or minor to intermediate effect APR genes, complemented by active surveillance and monitoring, have helped to limit major epidemics and increase grain yield potential in key target environments.

Keywords： adult plant resistance     black rust     race-specific resistance     <i>Triticum aestivumi>    

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Exergy analysis and simulation of a 30MW cogeneration cycle

Nikhil Dev, Samsher, S. S. Kachhwaha, Rajesh Attri

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2013, Volume 8, Issue 2,   Pages 169-180 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0263-9

Abstract:

Cogeneration cycle is an efficient mean to recover the waste heat from the flue gases coming out of gas turbine. With the help of computer simulation, design parameters may be selected for the best performance of cogeneration cycle. In the present work a program is executed in software EES on the basis of mathematical modelling described in paper to study cogeneration cycle performance for different parameters. Results obtained are compared with the results available in literature and are found in good agreement with them. Real gas and water properties are inbuilt in the software. Results show that enthalpy of air entering the combustion chamber is higher than that of the flue gases at combustion chamber outlet. For different operative conditions, energy and exergy efficiencies follow similar trends; although, exergy efficiency values are always lower than the corresponding energy efficiency ones. From the results it is found that turbine outlet temperature (TIT) of 524°C is uniquely suited to efficient cogeneration cycle because it enables the transfer of heat from exhaust gas to the steam cycle to take place over a minimal temperature difference. This temperature range results in the maximum thermodynamic availability while operating with highest temperature and highest efficiency cogeneration cycle. Effect of cycle pressure ratio (CR), inlet air temperature (IAT) and water pressure at heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) inlet on the 30 MW cogeneration cycle is also studied.

Keywords： Cogeneration cycle     air compressor     HRSG     gas turbine     regenerator     CR     IAT    

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Optimization, Kinetics, and Equilibrium Studies on the Removal of Lead(II) from an Aqueous Solution Using Banana Pseudostem as an Adsorbent Article

Shridhar S. Bagali, Bychapur S. Gowrishankar, Aashis S. Roy

Engineering 2017, Volume 3, Issue 3,   Pages 409-415 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.024

Abstract:

Natural adsorbents such as banana pseudostem can play a vital role in the removal of heavy metal elements from wastewater. Major water resources and chemical industries have been encountering difficulties in removing heavy metal elements using available conventional methods. This work demonstrates the potential to treat various effluents utilizing natural materials. A characterization of banana pseudostem powder was performed using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy before and after the adsorption of lead(II). Experiments were carried out using a batch process for the removal of lead(II) from an aqueous solution. The effects of the adsorption kinetics were studied by altering various parameters such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead ion concentration, and contact time. The results show that the point of zero charge (PZC) for the banana pseudostem powder was achieved at a pH of 5.5. The experimental data were analyzed using isotherm and kinetic models. The adsorption of lead(II) onto banana pseudostem powder was fitted using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption capacity was found to be 34.21 mg·g−1, and the pseudo second-order kinetic model showed the best fit. The optimum conditions were found using response surface methodology. The maximum removal was found to be 89%.

Keywords： Banana pseudostem     Lead     Isotherm     Adsorption     Response surface methodology    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Elasto-plastic fatigue crack growth analysis of plane problems in the presence of flaws using XFEM

S. SHEDBALE,I. V. SINGH,B. K. MISHRA

Journal Article

End-use energy utilization efficiency of Nigerian residential sector

Fidelis I. ABAM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN,Bethrand N. NWANKWOJIKE,Ekwe B. EKWE

Journal Article

Constructing an Automation Table for an Image-Based <i>Arabidopsisi> Resistance Assay

Goldi Makhija, Dinesh S. Pujara, In-Hyouk Song, Byoung Hee You, Hong-Gu Kang

Journal Article

Process stability and microbial community composition in pig manure and food waste anaerobic co-digesters operated at low HRTs

Gardiner, Yan Jiang, Paul Cormican, Matthew S. McCabe, Xinmin Zhan

Journal Article

Fatigue crack growth simulations of 3-D linear elastic cracks under thermal load by XFEM

Himanshu PATHAK,Akhilendra SINGH,I.V. SINGH,S. K. YADAV

Journal Article

Marble epistyles under shear: an experimental study of the role of “Relieving Space”

PASIOU, I. STAVRAKAS, D. TRIANTIS, S. K. KOURKOULIS

Journal Article

Opportunities and Challenges in Deep Mining: A Brief Review

S. De Silva,Tharaka D. Rathnaweera,Adheesha K. M. S. Bandara

Journal Article

PVC Formulation of <i>Anastrepha suspensai> Pheromones Suitable for Field Studies

Kawagoe, Spencer S. Walse

Journal Article

Critical review of recent development in fiber reinforced adobe bricks for sustainable construction

SALIH, Adelaja I. OSOFERO, Mohammed S. IMBABI

Journal Article

Antibiotic resistome of : molecular determinants for the emergence of drug resistance

Journal Article

CFD evaluation of pressure drop across a 3-D filter housing for industrial gas turbine plants

Fidelis I. ABAM,Samuel O. EFFIOM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN

Journal Article

Assembly of biosynthetic pathways in

Lidan Ye,Xiaomei Lv,Hongwei Yu

Journal Article

Progress in breeding for resistance to Ug99 and other races of the stem rust fungus in CIMMYT wheat germplasm

HODSON, Julio HUERTA-ESPINO, Mandeep S. RANDHAWA, Ravi P. SINGH

Journal Article

Exergy analysis and simulation of a 30MW cogeneration cycle

Nikhil Dev, Samsher, S. S. Kachhwaha, Rajesh Attri

Journal Article

Optimization, Kinetics, and Equilibrium Studies on the Removal of Lead(II) from an Aqueous Solution Using Banana Pseudostem as an Adsorbent

Shridhar S. Bagali, Bychapur S. Gowrishankar, Aashis S. Roy

Journal Article